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Published 15:22 IST, January 31st 2025

Economic Survey 2025: How India Plans To Achieve Net-Zero Emissions By 2070

India’s goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047 is deeply rooted in the vision of inclusive and sustainable development.

Reported by: Business Desk
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Economic Survey 2025
Economic Survey 2025 | Image: R business

The Economic Survey , presented by the Union Finance Minister on Friday, focuses on various economic sectors and also addresses climate and environmental concerns. It stresses the importance of achieving a balance between inclusive growth and low carbon emissions.


Economic Survey 2025: India’s Commitment to Low-Carbon Development


India’s goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047 is deeply rooted in the vision of inclusive and sustainable development. Despite being one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India’s per capita carbon emissions are just one-third of the global average. The country remains committed to identifying and exploring pathways for low-carbon development that ensure affordable energy security, job creation, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.

‘India's aspiration for low-carbon economic growth presents significant trade-offs. While the nation has made remarkable progress in building renewable energy capacity, effectively harnessing and scaling these resources remains challenging due to the lack of viable storage technologies and limited access to essential minerals,’ as mentioned in the Economic Survey 2025. 


Lessons from Developed Economies


India must balance its growing energy consumption with a transition to a low-carbon future, according to experts drawing lessons from the experiences of developed economies. They caution against prematurely shutting down thermal energy sources without reliable technological alternatives, emphasizing the need for a stable energy supply. 

India is uniquely positioned to leverage its resources, advanced technologies, and expertise to accelerate its journey toward becoming a developed nation by 2047 while pursuing sustainable development. The country also aims for net-zero emissions by 2070, a goal that will require innovative strategies and effective implementation.

Key focus areas in the short to medium term should include addressing challenges related to renewable energy, particularly in battery storage, grid infrastructure, and the availability of critical minerals.
India is prioritizing a robust adaptation strategy due to its significant vulnerability to climate change, driven by its diverse geography and agro-climatic conditions. According to India’s Initial Adaptation Communication, submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2023, the country’s expenditure on adaptation in FY22 accounted for 5.6% of its Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ), up from 3.7% in FY16.

Updated 19:29 IST, January 31st 2025